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Mor lam (Thai/Isan: หมอลำ (:mɔ̌ː lam); ) is a traditional Lao form of song in Laos and Isan. ''Mor lam'' means expert song, or expert singer, referring to the music or artist respectively. Other romanisations used include mor lum, maw lam, maw lum, moh lam and mhor lum. In Laos, the music is known simply as lam (ລຳ); mor lam (ໝໍລຳ) refers to the singer. The characteristic feature of ''lam'' singing is the use of a flexible melody which is tailored to the tones of the words in the text. Traditionally, the tune was developed by the singer as an interpretation of glawn poems and accompanied primarily by the khene, a free reed mouth organ, but the modern form is most often composed and uses electrified instruments. Contemporary forms of the music are also characterised by quick tempi and rapid delivery, while tempi tend to be slower in traditional forms and in some Lao genres. Some consistent characteristics include strong rhythmic accompaniment, vocal leaps, and a conversational style of singing that can be compared to American rap. Typically featuring a theme of unrequited love, ''mor lam'' also reflects the difficulties of life in rural Isan and Laos, leavened with wry humour. In its heartland, performances are an essential part of festivals and ceremonies, while the music has gained a profile outside its native regions thanks to the spread of migrant workers, for whom it remains an important cultural link with home. ==Instrumentation== (詳細はkeyboard set up to sound like a 1960s Farfisa-style organ; electric guitars are also common. Other western instruments are also becoming popular, such as the saxophone and the drum kit. Many of the traditional instruments associated with morlam are reflective of Laos and the Isan region and are not found outside these areas, despite the great similarity across Southeast Asia, and are also commonly found in classical genres and court music of the region. Traditional instruments used in ''mor lam'' ensembles include: * ''pi'' (ປີ່, ปี่, IPA: piː), bamboo oboes of various kinds and sizes. * ''vot'' (ໂຫວດ, โหวด, IPA: voːt), a circular panpipe. * ''khuy'' (ຂຸ່ຍ, ขลุ่ย, IPA: kʰuj/kʰluj), various types of double-reed and single-reed bamboo flutes. * ''heun'' (ຫືນ, หืน, IPA: hɯːn), a type of jaw harp. * ''chakhe'' (ຈະເຂ້, จะเข้, IPA: tɕaʔ kʰeː), a type of zither. * ''Saw u'' (ຊໍ, ซอ, IPA: sɔː), a class of bowed fiddle-like instruments. * ''khim'' (ຂິມ, ขิม, IPA: kʰim), a hammered dulcimer. * ''phin'' (ພິນ, พิณ, IPA: pʰin), a three-stringed lute. * ''hai song'' (ໄຫຊອງ, ไหซอง, IPA: haj sɔːŋ), a taught string over an earthernware jar. * ''kachappi'' (ກະຈັບປີ່, กระจับปี่, IPA: kaʔ t͡ɕap piː/kraʔ t͡ɕap piː), a two-stringed, four-coursed ancient lute. * ''ranat'' (ຣະນາດ, ระนาด, IPA: haʔ naːt/raʔ naːt), various kinds of xylophones, the most important being the ''pong lang'' (ໂປງລາງ, โปงลาง, IPA: poŋ laːŋ). * ''sing'' (ຊິ່ງ, ฉิ่ง, IPA: siŋ/t͡ɕʰ), cymbal-like instruments used to maintain tempo. * ''sap'' (ຊາບ, ฉาบ, IPA: saːp/t͡ɕʰaːp), another cymbal-like instrument attached with chords. * ''kap'' (ກັບ, กรับ, IPA: kap/krap), a wooden clapper. * ''kong'' (ກອງ, กลอง, IPA: kɔːŋ/klɔːŋ), various types of hand drums. * ''khong'' (ຄ້ອງ, ฆ้อง, IPA: kʰɔːŋ), various types of gongs. In more modern music, instruments such as accordions, electric guitars, keyboard set to sound like a 1960s Farfisa-style organ, saxophones and drum kits are often used as replacements or additions to the above-mentioned instruments. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mor lam」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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